• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Piece of colored natural stone. Colored pieces of natural stone are described with ink droplets and a process for obtaining them. The obtaining procedure comprises the division of the piece of work in grids, the determination of the color in all the points of the surface of the piece, the determination of the difference of color between contiguous points and the coloring of the grids. Through the process described, the chromatic impurities of the natural stone are eliminated or a veining is generated to increase the commercial value of the natural stone and reduce the waste in the quarries. In a preferred mode the process is implemented implanted in a computer program. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2573342A1
    申请号:ES201431802
    申请日:2014-12-05
    公开日:2016-06-07
    发明作者:Alberto ABAD ALONSO；José Luis VILAPLANA CARRETERO；Pepe ESTRUCH CAMARENA
    申请人:Alberto ABAD ALONSO；José Luis VILAPLANA CARRETERO；Pepe ESTRUCH CAMARENA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Piece of colored natural stone Technical field of the invention
    The present invention describes pieces of natural stone colored with ink droplets and a method for obtaining them.
    Background of the invention
    Natural stone is obtained by quarrying. The volume of the pieces removed is approximately 3 to 6 cubic meters. Subsequent blocks are subsequently cut into boards or tiles of different thickness.
    When the stone block is removed, the quality of the stone cannot be known, because natural stone usually contains impurities that produce undesirable colorations in the stone. Traces of metals or other materials produce colorations of different colors. The value of the stone decreases dramatically when irregular colorations appear on the pieces. In practice, less than 25% of the stone extracted is suitable for commercial use. Therefore, it is a necessity to increase the profitability of the quarries and, on the other hand, to reduce the volume of waste in the quarries.
    In the same way, when natural stone is extracted in which the presence of grain has an added value such as Portoro marble, the extraction of piece without grain devalue the price of natural stone pieces.
    The document closest to the invention DE102010025159 describes the use of a scanner and a printer to clone color patterns for aesthetic purposes. The pieces obtained are all the same and are obtained from the cloning of a pattern that reproduces over the entire surface. The printing is done on the entire surface of the piece.
    Object of the invention
    The problem solved by the invention is to increase the value of the natural stone that presents impurities of metals or other materials, or on the other hand, the invention provides a value added to the veined natural stone that has a poor streaking. The invention allows reducing the waste generated in the stone quarries.
    The solution found by the inventors is to color the pieces of natural stone with ink drops, that is, drops with a volume of 10 microliters to eliminate defects or to generate a grain. The natural stone pieces described are not equal to each other and do not lose their natural stone appearance.
    In a first aspect, the invention describes colored stone pieces in which a surface less than 20% of the piece contains micro-drops of ink deposited with a printer.
    In a second aspect, the invention describes a method for increasing the value of natural stone pieces. The process includes: the division into grids of a piece of natural stone, the evaluation of the individual color of each grid, the calculation of the color difference between contiguous points, and the coloring of the grids to produce pieces of natural stone of homogeneous color or to produce pieces of natural stone with grain.
    Description of the figures
    Figure 1 shows the algorithm when the procedure is implemented in a computer program.
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    Figures 2 A and 2 B show a piece of marble before and after being treated to remove chromatic impurities.
    Figure 3 shows the microperforations in the piece of natural stone and the microdrops deposited after printing.
    Figure 4 shows the ink droplets when no microperforations are performed on the marble piece.
    Figures 5 A and 5B show a piece of portoro marble before and after being treated to produce a grain.
    Definitions
    Homogeneous color means that, once the different points are broken down in their primary colors, there is no difference between the contiguous points greater than 30 units for each channel of the primary colors (red, green and blue).
    Description of the invention
    The state of the art shows different methods for determining the color by using scanners or by determining by comparison with color charts, for example the Pantone® color chart.
    Regardless of the method for determining the color, colors are expressed by decomposition into their primary colors: red (R), green (V) and blue (A), that is, by a vector (R, V, A).
    The RGB color model (English Red-red, Green-green, Blue-blue), each color is represented by mixing the three primary light colors, in terms of intensity of each color primary with which it is formed. To indicate with which proportion each color is mixed, a value is assigned to each of the primary colors, so that the value 0 means that it does not intervene in the mixture and the intensity of each of the components is measured according to a scale that goes from 0 to 255. Therefore, red is obtained with (255,0,0), green with (0,255,0) and blue with (0,0,255). The absence of color, black color, is obtained when the three components are 0, (0,0,0). The combination of two colors at maximum level, 255, with a third at level 0 gives rise to the three secondary colors. Thus yellow is (255,255.0), cyan (0.255,255) and magenta (255,0,255). The white color is formed with the three primary colors at their maximum level (255,255,255).
    Two colors will be different when their primary components differ from a threshold value. Two colors will be in the same tonal range or homogeneous, when their primary components are within a threshold value. The threshold value may vary depending on the material or degree of homogeneity desired.
    It can be established that a difference of 30 units for each channel (red, green, blue) produces heterogeneous colors.
    The process that describes the invention and the parts obtainable according to the process comprises:
    - the division of the piece into a grid,
    - the determination of color at all points on the surface of the piece,
    - the determination of the color difference between contiguous points and
    - the coloring of the grids.
    The coloring of the grids is done to:
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    a) remove the chromatic impurities and generate a piece of homogeneous color or,
    b) to produce a grain.
    The process allows to obtain pieces of natural stone without visual defects and each piece has a unique appearance, that is, the pieces are not clonic.
    In a preferred mode before coloring, the pieces are subjected to a physical conditioning process by performing microperforations on the areas to be colored.
    To obtain a homogeneous stone and remove chromatic impurities:
    - the surface of the stone is divided into grids with Cartesian coordinates (x, y) or with polar coordinates (R, a) depending on the surface geometry,
    - determine the color of each grid (x, y),
    - the colors of each grid (x, y) are broken down into the primary colors (R, V, A) and
    - it is evaluated whether the color difference between a point and its contiguous points is greater than a threshold value.
    If the color difference is greater than a threshold value then the said point is colored to get the value of the adjacent points.
    If the color difference between the value of a point and its contiguous point is less than a threshold value then that point is not colored.
    The result will be all the better the smaller the grid, the optimal procedure being when the grid is an infinitesimal.
    The process can be done manually by using color charts to determine the color and micro pipettes for coloring.
    The process described in the invention allows to produce a ban on the stone pieces by coloring the grids that do not have a grain.
    In a preferred mode, the process is performed by implanting a computer. The program divides the piece into infinitesimal, determines the color of each by a scanner and in turn the computer program controls the printer. The volume of the printer drop is less than 1 microliter.
    Through the process described, different parts are obtained from each other in which the surface with ink is less than 50%, 20%, 10% and 5%.
    The scanning algorithm is detailed in Figure 1.
    In a preferred way before printing the piece, the piece is subjected to a physical process. The physical process consists of performing micro perforations on the surface of the area to be colored. The purpose of these perforations is to create a bed where the micro drop is deposited. Perforations can be performed with a buril if the process is done manually or by a laser when the process is contracted by a computer program. The use of laser to perform the micro perforations has the advantage that the laser partially degrades the chemical compounds that produce the coloring of the pieces.
    The inks used can be of any composition compatible with the stone: acrylic, UV acrylic, polyurethane, etc.
    In addition to fixing the color, the natural stone is coated with a polyester, epoxy, polyurethane, phenolic resin, etc. to protect the impression of aging due to environmental conditions.
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    Depending on the desired stone finish, the stone can be polished or carved.
    The material to be treated could be any material that you want to modify its external appearance. In a preferred mode, the material is natural stone and more preferably the natural stone is marble.
    Example 1
    Figure 2A shows a marble tile (1). The tile has a majority area of ivory (2) and a reddish band (5) that is responsible for reducing the commercial value of the piece.
    The determination of the color of the majority area by means of the Pantone® color chart gave a Pantone 155 color, while the reddish band produced by ferric impurities gave a Pantone 180 color.
    The decomposition of the previous colors in primary colors was:
    Pantone 155 Red = 239; Green = 209; Blue = 159 Pantone 180 Red = 130; Green 0; Blue = 0
    It was observed that there is a difference of 109 units for the red channel, 209 units for the green channel and 159 units for the blue channel.
    The areas in which the color was not homogeneous were determined by scanning with a printer in the reddish areas to reach the dominant ivory tone through the use of a computer program. The computer program divided the area of the tile into infinitesimal grids, determined the color of each point and printed the zones where there was a difference greater than 20 units for each channel (red, green or blue) with the adjacent points.
    Figure 2B shows the tile once the process is completed, it was observed that the reddish area (reference 5 in figure 2 A) speaks missing and the area printed with ink microdroplets is less than 10% of the surface of the tile (reference 8 in figure 2 B)
    Figure 4 shows the arrangement of the drops (3) on the surface of the tile.
    Once the piece was printed, it was varnished with an epoxy resin. Subsequently the tile was polished.
    The piece of natural stone obtained by the described process had the same appearance as the first quality stone extracted from the quarries.
    Example 2
    A tile (1) similar to that described in example 1 was treated. The tile was scanned and the computer program determined the areas where there was a color difference (5). The zones of different color (5) were micro perforated (4) with a laser and subsequently colored with a printer. The drops (3) remained in the bed of the microperformation (4) made by the laser as shown in Figure 3. The tile was varnished with a phenolic resin and polished.
    The surface colored with microdrops was less than 5% of the surface of the tile.
    Example 3
    Figure 5A shows a Portoro marble tile (1). The tile has a majority area of black color (6) and a small golden streak (7) The absence of golden streaks reduces the price of the piece.
    The color of the majority area was decomposed in the Red vector = 24; Green = 36; Blue = 1. The golden streak broke down in the Red vector = 141; Green = 118; Blue = 22
    The marble piece was scanned and the computer program evaluated the situation and color of the golden streak. The computer program calculated the points where you had to create a grain to get the Portoro marble look without defects.
    The computer program instructed the laser to perform microperforations in the areas to be colored. The computer program instructed the printer to generate the veins.
    Figure 5B shows the tile once the process is completed, the generation of a veining (9) printed with ink microdrops was observed, which initially was not present. The colored surface is less than 20% of the surface of the tile.
    Once the piece was printed, it was varnished with an epoxy resin. Subsequently the tile was polished.
    The piece of natural stone obtained by the described process had the same appearance as the first quality stone extracted from the quarries.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
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    1. Artificially colored piece of natural stone (1) characterized in that a surface area less than 20% contains micro drops (3) of inks deposited with a printer.
    [2]
    2. Piece of natural stone (1) colored according to claim 1 characterized in that the natural piece has a homogeneous color.
    [3]
    3. Piece of natural stone (1) colored according to claim 1, characterized in that the micro-drops (3) generate a grain in the stone.
    [4]
    4. Piece of natural stone (1) colored according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the ink microdroplets (3) are deposited in a bed obtained with a laser (4)
    [5]
    5. Natural stone piece (1) according to claims 1-4 characterized in that the natural stone is marble.
    [6]
    6. Piece of natural stone (1) according to the preceding claims characterized in that its surface contains a varnish.
    [7]
    7. Natural stone piece (1) according to claim 6 characterized in that the varnish is a polyester, epoxy or phenolic resin.
    [8]
    8. A procedure comprising:
    - the division into squares of a piece of natural stone (1),
    - the evaluation of the individual color of each grid,
    - calculation of the color difference between contiguous points,
    - colored grids:
    - with a color different from the adjoining grid or
    - to produce a grain.
    [9]
    9. Procedure according to claim 8 characterized in that:
    - the grid is infinitesimal,
    - the color determination is carried out by means of a scanner and a computer program and
    - the coloring is done with a printer that deposits microdrops (3) and the printer is controlled by the computer program.
    [10]
    10. Procedure according to claim 8 characterized in that:
    - the grid is infinitesimal,
    - the color determination is carried out by means of a scanner and a computer program and
    - A laser controlled by the computer program carries out micro-perforations (4) in the areas to be colored.
    - A printer controlled by the computer program colors the microperforated areas (4) by the laser to:
    - produce a piece of homogeneous color or
    - to produce a grain.
    Method according to claims 8-10, characterized in that the piece of natural stone is subsequently coated with a varnish.
    [12]
    12. Natural stone piece (1) obtainable according to claims 8-11.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    CN1099691A|1993-12-28|1995-03-08|阎新育|Artificial colouring method for natural granite and marble etc. stone material and products|
    ES2178580A1|2000-12-07|2002-12-16|Herraiz Martinez Juan Jose|Composition for coloring stone, useful for producing decorative floorings, comprises coloring agent, solvent and optionally color-fixing resin|
    ES2186527A1|2001-03-05|2003-05-01|Gimeno Oscar Fantova|Procedure for decoration of natural stones and slabs of marble uses cut piece cleaned with decalcified water and ammonia together with porous materials|
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    DE102008010348B3|2008-02-13|2009-09-03|Schöllhammer, Andrea|Stone element, has adornment provided with stone body and groove provided in stone body that is coated with epoxy resin, and filled with filling material whose colors are different from that of epoxy resin of stone body|
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